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Warrant-Based Targeting
Warrant-based targeting was introduced to the Iraq
conflict toward the later part of the war - towards the end of 2008. As
the Iraqi police and judicial system matured the U.S. Army decided
(actually forced to by a revised status-of-forces agreement with Iraq) to
follow a prosecution-oriented strategy to capture of enemy combatants.
This meant that the Iraqi judges played a critical role in authorizing
(issuing a warrant) targeted captures and searches and in the prosecution
of the captured insurgent.
This move to warrant-based targeting was opposed by
many who noted the corruption of the Iraqi police and the unreliability of
the nascent Iraqi judicial system. In most cases, U.S. troops needed to
secure a warrant from an Iraqi judge before arresting an insurgent. In
fast moving situations where an insurgent was identified it was sometimes
impossible to obtain a warrant from an Iraqi judge in a timely manner (if
at all). The Iraqi police and judiciary system were notorious for
accepting bribes and alerting insurgents of newly issued warrants.
Vulnerability of Witnesses. For a judge to issue a
warrant for a search or arrest two witnesses to the crime have to provide
sworn statements. The witnesses will have to testify before judges,
prosecutors and other observers which leaves them open to retaliation.
Below you will find references, papers and
publications about warrant-based targeting.
Military Publications about
Warrant-Based Targeting
DA, Police Intelligence Operations, ATTP
3-39.20 (FM 3-19.50), July 2010, Headquarters, Department of the Army.
http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/attp3_39x20.pdf
CALL, Forensics and Warrant-Based Targeting,
Newsletter No. 10-35, March 2010, Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures, (FOUO).
Government Publications on
Warrant-Based Targeting
DOJ, Criminal Intelligence Resources Guide: A
Collection of Intelligence Information Sharing Products and Resources,
April 2012.
http://leiu.org/ . . . guide.pdf
International Organizations - Pubs on
Warrant-Based Targeting
UN, Police Information and Intelligence
Systems: Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit, United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime, 2006. Access at this
link.
Journals and Magazines on Warrant-Based Targeting
Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism (JPICT).
A referred journal of the Department of Policing, Intelligence and Counter
Terrorism of Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Access at this
link.
Publications and Papers on Warrant-Based Targeting
2014
Barta, Jeff, Jessica Caddell, and Scott Goldman. "Adding the Warrant to
Your Quiver: Ten Tenets of Warrant Based Targeting", Small Wars
Journal, April 27, 2014.
http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/adding-the-warrant . . .
Voetelink, Joop, EvBO: Evidence-Based Operations: How to Remove the Bad
Guys from the Battlefield (February 25, 2014). Journal of
International Law and Peace and Armed Conflict, 4/2013, p. 194-201;
Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2014-16; Amsterdam Center for
International Law No. 2014-0. Available at SSRN:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=2400965.
2012
Atkins, Major Andrew R., "Doctrinally Accounting for Host Nation
Sovereignty During U.S. Counterinsurgency Security Operations",
Military Law Review, Vol 212, p. 70-132, 2012.
https://www.jagcnet.army.mil/DOCLIBS . . .
Chesney, Robert. Moving to Warrant-Based Targeting and the Law
Enforcement Model in Afghanistan?, Lawfare Blog, March 20,
2012.
http://www.lawfareblog.com/ . . . moving-to-warrant-based-targeting . . .
Govern, Kevin H., "Warrant Based Targeting: Prosecution-Oriented Capture
and Detention and Moral Alternatives to Targeting Killing", Arizona
Journal of International & Comparative Law, Vol. 29, No. 3, (2012).
http://arizonajournal.org/?p=504
2011
ISAF, Afghanistan Theater of Operations Evidence Collection Guide"
Supporting Afghanistan's Formal Justice Sector, April 2011.
2010
Berlin, Steve D., "Conviction-Focused Targeting: Targeting Violent
Extremists While Developing Rule of Law Capacity", Small Wars Journal,
August 24, 2010.
http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/conviction-focused-targeting
News Reports on Warrant-Based Targeting
March 21, 2012.
"Warrants May be Required for Afghan Night Raids by U.S. Special Forces".
Afghan War News.
March 12, 2012.
"Warrant-Based Targeting and Law Enforcement Model for Afghanistan?",
Afghan War News.
May 19, 2009.
It takes a village: warrant-based targeting for Soldiers deploying to Iraq,
DVIDS.
December 30, 2008.
"New Rules in Iraq Add Police Work to Troops' Jobs". The New York
Times.
December 11, 2008.
"U.S. Troops Adjusting to the New Reality in Iraq". Wired.com Danger
Room.
November 30, 2008.
"Warrants expected to slow arrests in Iraq". The New York Times.
November 21, 2008.
"U.S. to begin using search warrants in Iraq", The Washington
Times.
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